Internal combustion rotary engine



L. W. BEAVEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ROTARY ENGINE" May 9, 1 944.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1" Original Filed June 17, 1941 INVENTOR. LE5 Hr. 8:4veu

4; A (v Q d ATTORNEY.

y 1944- L. w. BEAVEN v Re. 22,473

INTERNAL COMBUSTION. ROTARY ENGINE Original Filed June 17, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENI'OR. Lea/.1: n. 5505M plication fora cally regulated to the amount .air currents in the shell, are thereby cooled Reiesue d May 9,- 1944 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ROTARY ENGINE Leslie W. Beaven, Chicago, Ill.

Original No.

2,300,094, dated October 27, 1942,

Serial No. 430,401, February 11, 1942, which is a. division of Serial No. 398,428, June 17 1941. Application for reissue August I, 1943, Serial No.

32 Claims.

This application is a division of my original ap- "Rotary engine for heavy fuel oils, which was filed June 17, 1941, Serial No. 398,428, and is now pending in the United States Patent Oflice.

The present invention relates to improvements in internal combustion rotary engines, more especially those of the four-cycle rotary radial cylinder type which is disclosed in my aforesaid copending application, and these improvements concern the centrifugal forcing of cooling air currents about the cylinders which are rapidly revolving within an external blower-like shell or housing, whereby the moving cylinders will perform the function of blower or impeller vanes to create the air currents. The control of the temperature of the cylinders is accomplished through the medium of suitable thermostatic devices co-acting with the other portions of the structure, so that the quantity of air is automatirequired to maintain a predetermined'temperature of the cylinders at a minimum of power loss. The exhaust gases which are scavenged from the cylinders are discharged into said external shell or housing through an annular exhaust manifold that is common to the cylinders and their exhaust ports, and said gases, becoming mixed with the movingi an contracted .to such an extent that the explosions are more or less muliled.

Another feature of my present improvements re- .sides in the fact that the entire engine, especially the cylinders, is shielded and protected from the atmospheric elements. The temperature control of the engine and the exhausting of the burned gases from the cylinders take place in said exterior shell or Jacket in which the engine is mounted and rotates, and these functions are simultaneous and interdependent more or less upon each other, so that one function is co-ordinated with and assisted by the other. I have provided thermostatic devices within the shield or Jacket which effectively and dependably control the flow of air and the temperature therein. This arrangement provides advantages which are not found in other air-cooled engines, in that it will produce eflectlve cooling in a vehicle or an airplane at rest with the engine running, an it will provide such an abundance of cooling when required as to permit much higher engine speed .nent.

One of the aims of my improvements is to'proof withstanding heavy duty. The improvements disclosed herein are of compact arrangement;'

they are effective in operation; and the apparatus is economical to produce, so that it may be manufactured and sold at a competitive retail price.

The aforementioned and other objects, aims and advantages of my improvement will be obvious to persons who are skilled in the art, after the construction and operation of this apparatus are understood from the following description. It is preferred topractice this invention in substantially the manner hereinafter fully described and as more particularly enumerated in the appended claims, and for a better understanding of my improvements, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows a fragmental portion of the rotary engine casing and one of the cylinders in vertical section, with the engine shield or housing and the exhaust manifold in transverse section. Adjacent cylinders are omitted in this view of use in a motor vehicle, or other structure that vlde an engine of a novel character, and which is to be moved, but it is particularly adaptable for an airplane or automobile, because it has features of novelty which lend themselves to such special'uses.

The drawings show a portion of a suitable supporting structure or framework ill, in the central portion of which there is a bearing ii, and there is a shaft I! having a bore i3 through which an emulsion of air and heavy fuel oil is fed, said shaft being provided with a crank intermediate its ends. The engine casing is mounted for rotary movement upon spaced portions of the shaft on the sidesof the crank, vso that the latter is enclosed within said casing. This casing preferably comprises two side plates II and IS- which are spaced apart the desired distance and have their outer marginal edges secured to an annular closure member 2| that is of substantially cylindrical shape to be disposed concentric to the shaft,

, while the central portions-of said side plates are to rotate thereon. If desired, apower disc 22a' is anchored to hub 22 to be connected 'with' a mechanism to be driven by the engine.

A plurality of openings are made in the cylindrical casing member 20, and these openings have the engine cylinders 25 mounted in them in a manner so that the axes of said cylindersare disposed radially to the axis of the main shaft ata uniform angle to each other and in one plane which is at a right angle to said shaft. Azmular base flanges 26 are formed near the inner ends of the cylinders and are adapted to be seated upon the outer face of the cylindrical member 20 to which said flanges are secured by bolts. Somewhat dome-shaped heads 21 close the outer ends of said cylinders, and lateral fins 28 are formed on the outer face of the cylinders to act as cooling elements during operation of the engine, at which time casing and cylinders are spinning or rotatingon the shaft.

Each of the radial cylinders is provided with a. hollow or cupped piston 29 that is adapted to reciprocate therein through the medium of a pitman-rod 30 that is pivotally connected to it and extends inwardly toward the crank portion of the shaft and is operatively connected thereto. Since the fuel is discharged into the engine casing and cylinders through the hollow shaft l2, the pistons are provided with valve-controlled inlet or fuel feed ports 58 which discharge the fuel into the combustion chambers of the cylinders.-

I'he cylinders are scavenged by means of valvecontrolled exhaust ports 55 'which discharge the products of combustion into an exhaust coupling 68 of angular or arcuate'form. The intake and exhaust valves are properly timed and actuated by means of suitable mechanical instrumentalities, such forexample as those set forth in my aforesaid copending parent application, to which speciflcmeference is hereby made for the details of thesedeviceaw- 'l'he'ste'ms of theexhaust valves are mounted in the bores of hnllow exhaust embossments 61 on thesleadingtsides of; the cylinders,- and connectedttossaidi embossments are the exhaust couplingstl thatldischarge into a suitable exhaust crow-member is slidably inserted into the adjacent end of the next succeeding section of the manifold. When the exhaust valve is opened, the centrifugal force which is created by the rapidly revolving cylinders will relieve the platen of backpressure and willassist in completely discharglngtheburned gases. y s 7 Novel means are provided for cooling the structure when the engine casing and cylinders are in rotation. To this end a suitable housing is employed which preferably embodies two plates orv side members I! disposed opposite to each other, with one on each side of the row of cylinders and spaced outwardly from the fins thereon and anchored to said flns by means of suitable brackets These'plates have openings II that permit the entrance of air into the housing structure in the manner of the suctionopeningof a blower. The outer margins of said plates tern- 1.. nate at about the outer edges of the fins on the domes of the cylinders for a purpose hereinafter fully described.

A stationary outer Jacket or shield, having a semi-circular outer portion 22 and side walls 23,

embraces or envelops the housing walls I! and also the exhaust manifold pipe 69. This jacket or shield is of annular'shape and. has openings 84 for ingress of air to the iimer space that is housed by the walls 19, and there is atangential opening and stub 81 for exhausting the coolant air and the exhaust gases which have become commingled therewith inside said jacket or shield. The parts 82 and B8 of the shield or jacket are stationary by reason of anchorage thereof to the stationary frame members II) or other stationary structure adjacent the engine, in order topermit the engine and engine casing to rotate within the same. Thus the cylinders and their fins are adapted to perform the functions of the impeller blades of a blower.

The passage of air from the inner housing,-

which is close to the cylinders, is controlled by providing a plurality of thermostatically influenced elements, preferably bi-metal plates or louvers 85, that are preferably spaced apart and are constructed so that they will alternately bcome bowed outwardly and inwardly in the manner suggested in dotted lines in Figure 1. The louvers B5 are arranged in an annular seriesdisposed transversely across'the periphery of the housing plates", and they are anchored intermedlate their ends to channel-shaped segments 85 that are secured to the manifold pipe segments 69, the flanges of said channels being disposed outwardly and affording a suitable seat in which the exhaust manifold is mounted and secured.

The opening and closing, or relative positioning of the louvers will thus thermostatically control manifold 69." Thisimanifold is preferably a continuous' series o'f 'arcuate pipes that are provided with'discharge openings". The disposition of the pipes is an end-to-end arrangement that are slip-Jointed to provide a continuous ring that extends entirely around the engine and is suitably supported. being preferably anchored to the cooling flns of cylinder heads, so that the manifold will rotate with the engine. The exhaust coupling has a cross-member 884 which at one end is secured to the end of the adiacent manifold section, whilefthejother end of said the flow of air about the cylinders, and the elements themselves will be controlled by the air acting directly thereupona These louvers extend across or span the annular space or opening between the outer margins of the side plates 19 to form closures for the housing formed thereby, but

they do not touch said plates. thus permitting the free flexing of the louvers. The louvers preferably comprise a, plurality of flat leaves of uniformly graduated lengths, in order to give the necessary stability without ing or bowing function. The leaves are preferably welded laminations of nickel-steel and brass; the latter, having the greater co-emcient of expansion, when bowed from heat. The louvers assembled alike as to their respective long a fid short curtailing their warpwill form the convex face of the louver surfaces of the cylinders and their fins.

leaves, but alternate louvers are apposed to each other as to their bending or bowing under heat, one having the brass side outward and the posed between adjacent cylinders and extend between the housing plates I9 for the purpose of directing the air into intimate relation to the These baiiies may comprise hollow box-like structures that are disposed with their axes transverse to the annular housing plates l9, and have their end edges secured to the inner faces of said plates in any suitable manner. As shown, one .wall 92 of each baflle is curved to substantially conform generally with the contour of the proximate leading portion of the adjacent cylinder, and another or opposite wall 93 is straight and is alongside the adjacent portion of the advanced cylinder and is in a somewhat radial plane. Parallel annular walls 93 and 95 connect the shaped walls 92 and 93, and are disposed parallel with and adjacent the respective inner and outer margins of the plates It, thus forming a box-like or enclosed structure between these plates and extending transversely between the cylinders. This structure reduces the spaces between the cylinders and compels the air, after entering the housing and shield, to pass outwardly or radially in more intimate relation to the surfaces of the cylinders.

It will be observed that the exhaust emboss- Since ments 6? and the exhaust couplings 69 are posi- I tioned on the leading sides of the cylinders, thereby providing for the quicker and better cooling of these parts of the engine during operation thereof. This, however, is an optional arrangement. The centrifugal force created by the rapid rotation of the cylinders materially assists in scavenging the combustion chambers, and the exhaust gases discharged through the ,manifold pipe will enter the jacket or shield through the apertures insaid pipe so that the gases, mixing with the coolant air, become contracted so that the sound of the explosions is more or less muilled. Also, the stationary, outer jacket or shield, formed by the semi-cylindrical portion 82 and the inwardly extending side portions 83, provides excellent protection for the that are detachably joined to each other at their proximate ends.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, radially disposed cylinders rotatable about said shaft; housing walls spaced from said cylinders and movable therewith, said walls providing an annular peripheral opening between their outer portions, and thermostatically influenced plates extending across said opening and adapted to control the passage of air past said cylinders.

2. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, radially disposed cylinders rotatable about said shaft, housing walls spaced from said cylinders and movable therewith, said walls providing an annular peripheral opening between their outer portions, a plurailty of thermostatic plates extending across and constituting closnrelmeans for said opening and adapted to control the passage of air past said cylinders, and a stationaryjacket enveloping said housing walls and thermostatic plates and in spaced relation thereto, said jacket having ingress openings in its sides and also having an outlet opening.

3. internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary annular jacket, radially disposed cylinders'rotatable in said jacket and adapted to create air currents therethrough, and an annular exhaust manifold common to said cylinders and adapted to discharge the exhaust gases of combustion from said cylinders into the air currents in said jacket, whereby said air currents are adapted to cool and contract the exhaust gases andinuiiie the same, r

4. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a

stationary shaft, an engine casing; rotatable thereon, radially disposed air-cooled cylinders on said casing, laterally spaced plates secured to and movable with said cylinders, said plates providing air inlets and outlets, a stationary annular jacket extending around the outer margins of said plates and inwardly towards the centers thereof in spaced relation thereto, said rotating cylinders constituting blower elements adapted to create air currents within the Jacket in intimate relation to said cylinders and in directions radial to said shaft, which said air currents are discharged centrifugally-fror'n between said plates, thermostatic means disposed in the path of the air currents, and cooling fins on said cylinders adapted to excessively increase the heatradiating surfaces thereof, whereby the heat as sorbed by said air currents provides means for influencing said thermostatic means to move to opened positions to remove excess heat and to remain in closed positions to conserve the heat,

and thereby control the operating temperature of the engine.

5. An internal combustion rotary engine embodying a stationary shaft, an engine casing supported by and rotatable on said shaft, radial cylinders on said engine casing, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, valve-controlled exhaust ports leading out of the combustion chambers of said cylinders, an annular exhaust manifold common to and communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust manifold secured to said cylinders and movable therewith, and means enveloping said cylinders and exhaust manifold into which the latter discharges, whereby the discharged products of combustion are mixed with air currents in said enveloping means prior to discharge into the atmosphere.

6. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, an engine casing rotatable thereon; radially disposed air-cooled cylinders on said casing,fla terally spaced plates secured to and movable with said cylinders, said plates disposed parallel to each other upon opposite sides of said cylinders and provided with an air inlet port, the outer margins of said plates providing an annular air outlet, and an annular jacket extending around the outer margins of said plates and also inwardly towards the centers thereof in spaced relation thereto, said radial cylinders and said laterally spaced plates movable within said jacket to create air currents therein in intimate relation to said cylinders and radial to said shaft. 7. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, an engine casing rotatable thereon, aplurality of radially disposed cylinders on said engine casing, and provided with exhaust ports, laterally spaced plates on opposite sides of and movable with said cylinders, said plates provided with air inlets and their spaced outer portions providing an annular outlet, said cylinders adapted to create air currents between said plates in intimate relation to said cylinders and to discharge said air currents centrifugally through said annular outlet, thermostatic means disposed in the discharge path of the air cur-' rents and influenced by the temperature of said currents to control said annular outlet, and an annular manifold, tube communicating with the exhaust ports of said cylinders and adapted to discharge the scavenged products of combustion into and to intermingle said products of combustion with said air currents.

8. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a

, stationary shaft, an engine casing rotatable thereon, a plurality of radially disposed cylinders on said engine casing and provided with exhaust ports, laterally spaced plates on opposite sides of and movable with said cylinders, said plates provided with air inlets and their spaced outer portions providing an annular outlet, said cylinders adapted to create air currents between said plates and discharge the same through said opening, thermostatic devices disposed in the discharge path of said air and influenced by the temperature of said currents to control. said annular outlet, an annular manifold tube communicating with the exhaust ports of said cylinders and adapted to discharge the products of combustion into said air currents, and a stationary enveloping jacket surrounding said cylinders and spaced plates, said jacket adapted to receive said air currents and" the discharged products of combustion and intermingle the same.

9. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, an engine casing rotatable thereon, radial cylinders on said casing, valvecontroiled exhaust ports discharging the products of combustion out of said cylinders, and a continuous annular exhaust manifold in communication with said exhaust ports,

10. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, an engine casing rotatable ingress and egress openings, and baiiiing means interposed between said cylinders for constricting the spaces intermediates the successive cylinders.

13. In an internal combustion rotary engine,

a stationary shaft, radially disposed rotatable cylv inders spaced from each other annularly about thereon,radiai cylinders on said casing, valvemy jacket extending along the sides and across the heads of said cylinders, whereby rotational movement of said cylinders is adapted to create air currents in said jacket, and an exhaust manifold common to said cylinders and supported thereby for receiving theproducts of combustion from said cylinders, said manifold provided with a plurality of apertures adapted to discharge said products of combustion radially into the air currents in said jacket and intermingle the same. 12. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, radially disposed cylinders rotatable about said shaft and spaced from each other annularly tolsaid shaft, stationary means enveloping said cylinders and wherein the movement of said cylinders is adapted to create air said shaft, stationary means enveloping said cylinders wherein the movement of said cylinders is adapted to create air currents, said enveloping means provided with ingress and egress openings, and hollow box-shaped baiiies interposed between said cylinders and'constricting the spaces between successive cylinders;

14. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, radially disposed rotatable cylinders spaced from each other annularly about said shaft, a stationary shell'enveloping said cylinders wherein the movement of said cylinders is adapted to create air currents, said shell provided with ingress and egress openings, annular housing walls movabieiwith said cylinders'and disposed in parailel'relation to and alongside said cylinders, and transverse bailing means connecting said annular walls between successive cylinders whereby to constrict the spaces between said cylinders.

15. 'In an internal combustion rotary engine, radial cylinders rotatable about a common axis, a stationary housing enveloping the sides and heads of said cylinders and wherein the movement of said cylinders is-adapted to create circulating air currents, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, and exhaust ports in the heads of said cylinders discharging the products of combustion radially into said stationary housing, whereby the rotation of said cylinders is adapted to create centrifugal force to assist in exhausting the products of combustion into said housing and thereby minimize back-pressure on said pistons.

16. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a stationary shaft, radial cylinders rotatable about said shaft, a stationary annular housing enveloping said cylinders and wherein the movement of said cylinders is adapted to create circulating air to assist in exhausting the products of combustion from said cylinders and thereby minimize back-pressure on said pistons.

17. In an internal. combustion rotary engine, a plurality of radial cylinders rotatable about a common axis, housing walls alongside said cylinders, the outer portions of said walls spaced from ins said housing wall;

currents, said enveloping means provided with u plurality of radial cylinders each other to provide a cylindrical opening, and closures for said cylindrical opening, said closures themselves being formed of thermostatic elements and constituting the sole means for operating said closures.

18. In an internal combustion rotary engine,,a rotatable about a common axis, housing walls alongside said cylinders, the outer portions of said walls spaced from each other to provide a cylindrical opening, thermostatic elements, constituting closure means for said openingand controlling the movement of air past said cylinders, and an outer jacket envelopand said therm aegtanixrlito which jacket the air ele cy drical-opening is discharged.

19. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a plurality of radial cylinders rotatable about a common axis, housing walls alongside said cylinders, the outer portions 01' said walls spaced from each other to provide a cylindrical opening, and closure means for said cylindrical opening embodying a plurality of bi-metal plates having dif- Ierent co-eflicients of expansion and adapted to' control the movement of air past said cylinders.

20. In an internal combustion rotary engine,

radially disposed cylinders rotatable about a common axis, housing walls spaced from said cylinders and movable therewith, there being an open space between the outer peripheral portions of said housing walls, and self-contained thermostatic elements constituting closures extending across said open .space and adapted to control the passage of air therethrough.

21. In an internal combustion rotary engine,

- a plurality of cylinders rotatable about a com- 'mon axis, spaced parallel plates between which I an open-ended space for circulation of air about said cylinders, closures extending across said open end and spaced beyond the outer ends of said cylinders, said closures themselves being formed or thermostatic elements and constituting the sole means for operating the closures, and means supporting said closures independently of said plates.

23. In an internal combustion rotary engine, a plurality of cylinders rotatable about a common axis, spaced parallel plates between which said cylinders are disposed, said plates being laterally spaced from said cylinders and providing an open-ended space for circulation of air about said cylinders, said plates being provided with openings adjacent the inner ends of said cylinders for admission, of air into said space, and closures extending across said open end and spaced beyond the outer ends of said cylinders, sai'd closures themselves being formed of thermostatic elements and constituting the sole means for operating said closures.

24. An internal combustion engine embodying a cylinder, a housing within which said cylinder is disposed, said housing being spaced from and fixed with respect to said cylinder and provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a thermostatically influenced. element constituting a closure for said outlet, a jacket within which said housing and cylinder are rotatable, said jacket having an air inlet and a discharge outlet, and an exhaust outlet from said cylinder discharging into said jacket, said cylinder and said housing being rotatable about a common axis, said element being controlled in its thermostatic operation by the action of the air currents thereupon, and said air currents in turn being controlled by said element.

25. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially disposed cylinders, a housing within which said cylinders are disposed, said housing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a plurality of thermostatic elements separate from each other and forming closures for said rents may be caused to flow through said hous-' ing, .said air currents controlling the operation of the said elements by action directly thereupon,

and said elements in turn controlling the now oi said 'air currents past said cylinders, said thermostat.c elements operating in opposition to each other.

Y 26. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially arranged cylinders, a housing within which said cylinders are disposed, said housing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a thermostatic element forming a closure for said outlet, an outer jacket within which said housing and said thermostatic element are enclosed, said jacket receiving air from said outlet opening, and

itself being provided with an outlet, and means whereby circulating air currents may be caused to flow. through said housing, across said cylinders and into said jacket, saidthermostatic element controlling the now of said air currents, and said air currents in turn controlling the operation of said element by directly acting thereupon.

27. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially arranged laterally spaced cylinders, a housing within which said cylinders are disposed, said housing being spaced from and fixed with respect to said cylinders and provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, thermostatically influenced elements separate from each other and constituting closures f or said outlet, a

jacket within which said housing and cylinders are rotatable, said jacket having an air inlet and a discharge outlet, and an exhaust from said cylinders discharging into said jacket, said cylinders and said housing being rotatable about a common axis,.said elements being controlled in their thermostatic operation by the action of the air currents directly thereupon, and said air currents in turn being controlled by said elements, said thermostatic elements operating in opposition to each other.

28. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially arranged cylinders laterally spaced from each other, a housing within which said cylinders are disposed, said housing being spaced from and fixed with respect to said cylinders and provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, thermostatically influenced elements separate from each other and constituting closures for said outlet, a jacket within which said housing and said cylinders are rotatable, said jacket having an air inlet and a discharge outlet. an exhaust from said cylinders discharging into said jacket, said cylinders and said housing being rotatable about a common axis, said elements being controlled in their thermostatic operation by the action of the air currents directly thereupon and said air currents in turn being controlled by said elements, and 'baflles disposed between adjacent cylinders, said baille operating to constrict the spaces between the cylinders.

29. An internal combustion engine embodying a cylinder, a housing within whibh said cylinder is disposed, said housing being spaced from and fixed with respect to said cylinder and provided with a path for coolant air, a thermostatically influenced element constituting a variable impediment to said coolant air, a stationary jacket tatable, said jacket having an air inlet and a discharge outlet, and an exhaust outlet from said cylinder discharging into the jacket, said cylinder and said housing being rotatable about a common axis, said element being controlled in outlet, and means whereby circulating air curits thermostatic operation by the action of the alrcurrents thereupon and said air currents in turn being controlled by said element.

30. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially disposed cylinders, a hous ing within which said cylinders are disposed, said housing having a path for coolant air, a plurality of thermostatic elements constituting variable impediments to the coolant air currents, and

said air'currents controlling the operation or the said elements by action directly thereupon, and

said elements in-turn controlling the flow of said coolant air past said cylinders, said thermostatic elements operating alternately with respect to each other. I

31. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially arranged cylinders, a housing within which said cylinders are disposed," said housing having a path for coolant air, a thermostatically influenced element constituting avariable impediment to said coolant air, an outer jacket within which said housing and said thermostatic element are enclosed, said housing discharging into said jacket and said Jacket having an outlet, and means whereby currents 01' said means whereby said air currents may be created,

coolant air may be caused to flow through. said housing, across said cylinders and into said Jacket, said thermostatic element controlling the now of said air currents, and said air currents in turn controlling the operation of said element by directly actingthereupon.

32. An internal combustion engine embodying a plurality of radially arranged laterally spaced rotatable cylinders, a housing within which said cylinders are disposed, said housing rotating with said cylinders and having a path for coolant air therethrough, thermostatically influenced elements separate from each otherand constitutingv variable impediments to said coolant air, a jacket to each other within which said housing and said'cylinders arerotatable, said Jacket having a discharge outlet, said cylinders exhausting into said jacket, said elements being controlled in their thermostatic operation by the action of the air currents directly thereupon, and said air currents in turn being controlled by said elements, said thermostatic elements operating alternately with respect LEsLIE w. HEAVEN. 

